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Personal story: Shannon's son learned the basics of basketball (2 teams, 2 goals, field, etc) by relating it to soccer. Can you give any examples of how you learned something by using previous knowledge?

This one has lots of links to site about transfer

transfer explained

transfer in the workplace

the difference between human and computer learning is the ability to **transfer:**

see **Cognitive Computing: Building A Machine That Can Learn From Experience**

see Learn Like A Human "Often systems fail because they cannot handle large, complex problems. Either it takes too long to train a system or it takes too much memory. A hierarchy, on the other hand, allows us to "reuse" knowledge..." see IBM unveils chips that mimic the human brain It terms the machines built with these  [|chips]   "cognitive computers", claiming that they are able to learn through experience, find patterns, generate ideas and understand the outcomes.

types of transfer:

The following table presents different types of transfer, as adapted from Schunk (2004, p. 220).


 * ~ Type ||~ Characteristics ||
 * Near || Overlap between situations, original and transfer contexts are similar. ||
 * Far || Little overlap between situations, original and transfer settings are dissimilar. ||
 * Positive || What is learned in one context enhances learning in a different setting. (+) ||
 * [|Negative] || What is learned in one context hinders or delays learning in a different setting. (+) ||
 * Vertical || Knowledge of a previous topic is essential to acquire new knowledge. (++) ||
 * Horizontal || Knowledge of a previous topic is not essential but helpful to learn a new topic. (++) ||
 * Literal || Intact knowledge transfers to new task. ||
 * Figural || Use some aspect of general knowledge to think or learn about a problem. ||
 * Low Road || Transfer of well-established skills in almost automatic fashion. ||
 * High Road || Transfer involves abstraction so conscious formulations of connections between contexts. ||
 * High Road/Forward Reaching || Abstracting situations from a learning context to a potential transfer context. ||
 * High Road/Backward Reaching || Abstracting in the transfer context features of a previous situation where new skills and knowledge were learned. ||